“情性”与“讽谏”:一个艰难的诗学选择——汉代诗学话语的文化阐释

Natural Instincts" and "Giving advice to one's superior, remonstrating with ruler by clever analogy":One Difficult Selection for Poetics

以《乐记》、《毛诗大序》为代表的汉代诗学,其本体论与价值论之间既有着尖锐的矛盾,又有着内在统一性。这种话语建构方式,是由士人的现实处境和士人自身的主体精神所决定的。作者认为,在大一统政权形式下,汉代士人一方面表现出了对君主专制权力的惧服和维护,一方面则又暗暗融入一种君权制衡策略。这种制衡策略体现在诗学话语建构中,就是在非功利性、无目的性的“情性”说与具有十足的工具论和目的论意味的“讽谏”说之间,经学家们设立了“天”作为逻辑中介,从而将两种看似矛盾的诗学主张巧妙的粘接到了一起。

The article reckons that 'The Note of Music' and 'The Preface of Poems' which represented the poetics of the Han Dynasty had the acute contradictions and also the internal openness between the essential style of theory. The mode of the language's structure was decided by the scholar's practical weather and the main-body's spirit of themselves. The writer considers that under the form of unitive kaiserdom, the scholars had to put up the dreadness,obedience and defense for the Emperor's absolute power on the one hand and at the same time, had to stealthily permeate a kind of Emperor's strategy of balance on the other. This strategy had fully reflected in the structure of the language of the poetics. Between the doctrines of non-utility,non-purpose 'Natural Instincts' and the doctrine of 'Giving Advice to One's Superior, Remonstrating with Ruler by Clever Analogy' which had the meaning of dye-in-wood organon and teleology, the economists set up the 'Heaven' as the agency of the logic and thereby had skillfully clung together the two doctrines of poetics which looks like contradictive.