微生物采油需要进一步解决的问题

Problems confronted in microbial enhanced oil recovery

探讨制约微生物采油技术发展的关键问题,认为制约的主要因素不是油藏条件,而是研究技术本身不够完善。有两个问题值得注意:其一,对油藏中微生物结构认识的局限性。目前鉴定和分析微生物使用传统的微生物培养和显微技术,只能发现生态环境中很少的一部分微生物,不能得到油藏产出液中有多少种微生物及其含量、所希望的微生物种群在其中是否属优势菌群等关键参数。其二,物理模拟驱油实验的局限性。目前的微生物驱油物理模拟研究基本沿用化学驱物理模拟研究设备和方法,一般使用人造岩心(国外多数使用天然岩心),不能真实模拟油藏环境而准确反映微生物驱油的真实效果,研究得出的参数也就不能用于现场试验。最后,提出了微生物采油技术需要进一步解决的关键问题及其解决方法。

The progress in microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is briefly viewed and the key problems confronted in MEOR are discussed. It is believed that the major factors retarding ongoing MEOR exist in MEOR itself other than conditions of oil reservoirs, and two matters should be especially took into account. One is the impercipient realization of microbial ecology in oil reservoirs, in which only a small part of microorganisms in oil reservoirs, approximately 0. 1%-10%, was analyzed due to the traditional method of the pure culture identification, and consequently, the exact number of microbial species in production water, the amount of various microorganisms and the active communities in oil reservoirs could not be obtained by the traditional method. The other is limitation existing in core flooding procedures, in which procedures and instruments as well as man-made core samples for chemical flooding were applied to evaluate MEOR, consequently, the practical results of MEOR could not be obtained due to these procedures. The parameters from core flooding in this case, therefore, should not be directly used in field trial. The key problems existing in MEOR and the solutions are finally concluded.