基于遥感方法的黄河三角洲生态需水量研究

Study on Water Requirements in Yellow River Delta Based on Remote Sensing

生态环境需水量是当前水资源管理等学科研究的重点和难点。对于河流生态环境需水量已形成比较系统的理论和计算方法,但对于其它生态系统则没有固定的计算模式,生态需水量项目也因具体环境而异。依据黄河三角洲自然保护区生态系统特点,其需水量项目主要有植物需水量、湿地蒸散量、土壤需水量、野生生物栖息地需水量、补给地下水需水量和防止岸线侵蚀及河口生态环境需水量等。遥感技术在区域资源环境研究方面具有极大优越性,本文利用遥感技术重点对黄河三角洲湿地生态系统需水量中的蒸散量进行了计算,其它需水量项目则用一般方法进行了计算。计算结果表明黄河三角洲自然保护区最小生态需水量为19.21亿m3,最大生态需水量为42.14亿m3。为维持自然保护区生态环境不再恶化,每年需补给的最小生态水量为12.3亿m3。

Study on the ecology water requirement is the emphasis and difficulty for current water resources management. There are comparably successful theory and method for river water demand, but there arent stationary methods for the other ecosystem, and the water requirement items are different according to the concrete ecological environment. According to the ecosystem feature in the Yellow River Delta(YRD), the water demand items mainly have vegetable water requirement, soil water requirement, wildness organism inhabit water requirement, groundwater replenish requirement and the river mouth ecology water requirement, etc. Remote sensing technology has a great advantage of doing research on water resource management. This paper estimated the evapotranspiration of the ecology water requirement which stand for the minimum water consumption according to SEBS based on the NOAA data, and the other items are estimated by the general method. The result shows that the minimum water demand is 19.21×10~8 m^3, and the maximum 41.24×10~8 m^3, and the yearly replenish water demand is 12.3×10~8 m^3 in the YRD nature reserve.