贵州喀斯特山区土壤物理性质对土壤侵蚀的影响

Effect of Soil Physical Properties on Soil Erosion in Guizhou Karst Mountainous Region

对贵州喀斯特山区在不同土地利用方式下土壤主要物理性质对土壤侵蚀的影响进行了研究。结果表明:土壤物理性质是影响土壤侵蚀和土壤抗蚀性能的内在因素。贵州喀斯特山区土壤表现出明显的粗骨性土壤特征。不同土地利用方式下土壤物理性质具有明显的差异,林地、草地和台耕地的土壤物理性状良好,缓解了土壤侵蚀的发生发展,能有效地发挥保持水土的作用;大面积农耕坡地和裸坡地的土壤物理性状极差,促进了山区土壤侵蚀的发生发展,是引起土壤侵蚀的主要因素。喀斯特山区不同土地利用类型的土壤抗蚀能力依次为台耕地>林地、草地>坡耕地、裸坡地。

The effects on soil erosion by soil physical properties under different utilization types in Guizhou karst mountainous region were studied, the results showed that soil physical properties are internal factors on soil erosion and anti-erodibility, the karst mountainous soils are outstandingly characterized by sheleton soil in Guizhou province. The soil physical properties were greatly different under various land utilization types, the soil physical properties were very good in the wood lands, grasslands and cultivated-terrace lands, and reduced occurrence of soil erosion, but the soil physical properties were bad and difficiently favourable in agro-cultivated slope land and bare slope land. By comparison analysis, the main indexes of revaluating karst mountainous soil anti-erodibility were put forward. The soil anti-erodibility in various land utilization types was cultivated terrace land>wood land, grass land>cultivated slope land and bare slope land. The main site of soil and water loss was cultivated and bare slope lands in Guizhou karst mountainous region.