3种复合种植模式对退化红壤质量恢复的初探

Study on Three Compounds Cropping Models on Restoration of Degradation Red Soil Quality

为了探讨在金沙江干热河谷不同复合种植模式与对退化红壤质量恢复效果方面的关系,以土壤物理性肥力、化学性肥力、蓄水能力、土壤剖面特性和生物治理效益为指标,进行分析和研究。结果表明:(1)退化红壤经过各模式治理后,土壤理化性质得到改善,通气孔隙度和>1mm团聚体都增加,容重分别是对照区的0.89倍、0.83倍和0.93倍,明显降低。(2)治理、恢复3年,种植模式木豆+酸角、柱花草+酸角、象草+酸角,0～30cm土层有机质分别较对照地增加1.76倍、1.74倍和1.09倍,全氮和有效养分增加幅度也很大。(3)在同一施肥状态下,各模式土壤营养元素在水平和垂直空间土层内都存在明显差异,并且表层土壤理化性质明显好于深层土壤理化性质。(4)各模式经济效益明显增加,分别是对照地的54倍、10倍和28倍;土壤实际蓄水效益也是对照的16.0倍、7.0倍和4.2倍,处理1最高土壤水分滞留量达2.7×104t/hm2,水土保持效益明显。综合各治理指标,发现木豆+酸角模式对改良退化红壤质量取得的综合效益最明显。

In order to find the relationship between difference herbage species in cropping models and the restoration of degradation red soil quality in dry valley of the Jinsha River, these indexes including the soil physical fertility ,chemical fertility ,the capability of storage water, profile of soil characteristics and the economic productivity of ecological control were studied. The result indicated that: (1)The physical and chemical properties of soil was improved by ways of biological control in erosion red soil, soil physical property were improved greatly by controlled area, indexes of soil physical property such as volume weight, total porosity,>1mm big aggregate became much better, for example the volume weight changed 0.89 times, 0.83 times and 0.93 times as much as CK. (2)After the models controlled three years, the models of the Cajanus cajan+Tamarindus,Stylosanthes +Tamarindus and Penisetum purpureum+Tamarindus, the soil organic matter within 0~30 cm horizon appeared 1.76 times,1.74 times and 1.09 times increased for the models compared with CK, the amount of soil nitrogen(TN) and available nutrition increased also more significantly. (3)Under the same applying fertilizer conditions, the nutrition content of the models have obvious difference in the horizontal and the vertical plane soil and the physical and chemical properties of the top soil have higher than the lower layer soil. (4) The economical productivity of the models was obviously increased and the economical efficiency reached 54 times, 10 times, 28 times and also the capability of storage water reached 16.0 times, 7.0 times, 4.2 times compared with CK, the biggest water of soil is detained 2.7×10~4 t/hm^2.The comprehensive effect was observed in the model of the Cajanus cajan+Tamarindus.