发生认识论的哲学来源

The Philosophical Origin of the Genetic Epistemology

皮亚杰的发生认识论并不是一个纯粹的发展心理学理论,而是一个关于认知的结构及其发生与发展的理论。发生认识论的建立有其深厚的哲学根源:它是在批判传统认识论中的经验主义和理性主义的基础上建立起来的。皮亚杰看到,无论是经验主义方法,还是理性主义方法对于认知的结构及其发生与发展的解释都是片面的,因为前者忽视了结构,后者假设了结构而没有注意到结构发展的自然进程。皮亚杰在对两者辨证综合的基础上,提出“发生学的结构主义”,指出认识的发生与发展是因为我们作为生物先天地就包含着这样的结构,而且是因为我们作为生物对结构进行主动建构的结果。

Jean Piaget's epistemology is a theory about cognitive structure, genetics and development instead of a theory about pure developmental psychology. Genetic epistemology has its philosophical origins; it is based on the critical reflection on two main epistemological traditions: the empiricism and the rationalism. Piaget is unsatisfied that the empiricism is the genetics without structuralism, while the rationalism is the structuralism without genetics. He creates the genetic epistemology as the genetic structuralism, which shows that the cognitive genetics and development are not only the prior structure of the organism, or the fact of the individual genetics, but also the fruit of the positive construction of the organism.