胡汉对音和古代北方汉语

Hu-han Transcriptions and Mandarin

胡汉对音资料主要是指用汉语文为古代北方少数民族语言记音的资料,这些资料对研究古代契丹、女真、蒙古、回鹘语乃至汉语都是弥足珍贵的。本文首先回顾了国内外利用胡汉对音资料研究阿尔泰语系语言及汉语的情况;然后主要探讨了辽金元时期为契丹语、女真语、蒙古语标音汉字的语音基础为“汉儿言语”;最后通过对宋元史籍中记录女真语的汉字进行分析,认为对音汉字所反映的语音状态与《中原音韵》相合,研究乃至复原女真语,可以参照《中原音韵》对表音汉字进行标音。

The documents of Hu-han Transcriptions are very precious to study the languages of Kidai, Jurchen, Mongolian, Uygur and Chinese. In this paper, we first reviewed the situation to study the Altaic family and Chinese by using the information of Hu-han Transcriptions in the internal and external. And then we discussed Han-Er Yan Yu (the speech of Chinese who lived in the control over Liao, Jin & Yuan dynasty ), the basis of pronunciation of Chinese scripts used to record Kidai, Jurchen, Mongolian. Finally, we realized the pronunciation of Chinese scripts are closed to ZhongYuanYinYun via analyzing the scripts used to record Jurchen language in the documents of Song & Yuan historical records.