包膜复合肥对水稻生长及营养特性的影响

Effects of coated-compound fertilizer on the growth and nutrition characteristics of double cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.)

试验以早稻品种早凡5号和晚稻品种新香优80为材料,利用自行研制的低成本包膜复合肥(N:P2O5:K2O=17％:7％:12％)设置不同用量处理,以相同养分含量的未包膜复合肥为对照,在大田条件下采用随机区组小区试验,比较研究了供试水稻品种的生长生理和营养生理特性。结果表明包膜肥各处理分蘖增长平缓,成穗率高,而对照前期分蘗发生快,无效分蘗增多。包膜肥各处理剑叶叶绿素含量和SPAD测定值在后期显著高于对照。与等量或减量20％-25％的未包膜复合肥处理比较,早稻产量增加5.0％-12.8％,晚稻实际产量提高7.5％-13.6％,均达5％显著水平。因此,施用包膜复合肥前期养分释放平稳,水稻生长健壮;中后期可提供较多的养分,延长水稻叶片的光合功能期,促进光合产物向籽粒中转运,增加干物质产量和稻谷产量。

Field experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of growth and nutrition physiology of test plants treated with different dosages of self-developed and lower cost coated-compound fertilizer(N: P2O5:K2O = 17% :7%: 12%)(coated F) . Uncoated-compound fertilizer with same nutrient contents was selected as control (uncoated F) . Experimental materials are double cropping rice ( Oryza sativa L.) varieties named as Zaofan No. 5 being early season rice and Xinxiangyou 80 being late season rice, respectively. Three treatments were set up for early season rice including two treatments for coated F with dosages of 480kg/hm2 and 360kg/hm2 separately and one treatment for uncoated F as control with the dosage of 600 kg/hm2 . Four treatments were set up for late season rice including two coated F treatments with a dosage of 800 kg/hm2, 600 kg/hm2 separately and two treatments of uncoated F with the dosages of 0 kg/hm2, 800 kg/hm2 separately. Different parameters of growth and nutrition physiology were investigated including dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, tiller growth, yield and its components. The nutrient contents of test plant and soil nutrition properties were tested as well. Field plots adapted randomized complete block design with three replications. The area of each plot was 30m2 . The results showed that tillers increased gently with a higher percentage of effective tillers for each treatment of coated F. While for the rice treated with uncoated F, tillers increase rapidly with more unproductive tillers. After heading stage, the chlorophyll content and measured value of SPAD (tested by chlorophyll meter SPAD 502) in flag leaves were markedly higher in Coated F treatment than uncoated F treatment. Comparing to the treatment with isometric or decrement 20%-25% of uncoated F, the yield increased by 5.0%-12.8% for early season rice and by 7.5%-13.6% for late season rice. It can be concluded that coated F could control the release of N, P, K; made the rice grow sturdily during the early growth period. Meanwhile, coated F could supply more nutrientsduring the meddle-late growth periods; prolong the photosynthesis time of the function leaves; accelerate the translocation of the photosynthesis product to panicles and grains, and increase the total dry matter production and the grain yield.