基于产量的花生基因型耐湿涝性综合评价

Yield-based comprehensive evaluation on difference of waterlogging tolerance in peanut genotypes

在大田条件下,利用塑料膜遮挡雨水,从花生营养生长末期开始分别进行短期湿涝(10d)和长期湿涝(88d)以及正常灌溉处理,以测定18个花生基因型的籽仁产量,再计算相对产量、耐湿涝系数和耐湿涝指数,进而分类评价花生基因型对湿涝反应的差异。结果表明:(1)花生对湿涝的反应,因湿涝长短和基因型而异。短、长期湿涝导致一些基因型减产(2.5%～48.6%),另一些基因型增产(5.5%～56.7%)。其中7个品种均减产,5个均增产,5个只适应长期湿涝,1个只适应短期湿涝。(2)根据长、短期耐湿涝系数差异可将基因型划分为7类;采用聚类分析并结合湿涝产量和耐湿涝系数,则划分为6类。结果认为,以耐湿涝指数作为综合评价指标有失偏颇。(3)已获得多个优异耐性基因型,可用于深入研究目标基因和选育耐湿涝性品种。

Eighteen peanut genotypes were tested under plastic rain-proof shelter of field condition to investigate the effects of short-term waterlogging (10d, W_(10)) and long-term waterlogging (88d, W_(88)) initiated at late vegetative stage and normal irrigation (NI) on per plant seed actual yield (AY). Then relative yield (RY), waterlogging tolerance coefficients (WTC) and waterlogging tolerance indexes (WTI), based on AY, were calculated to evaluate and classify the differences of waterlogging tolerance of the genotypes. The results showed that: (1) The responses of peanut to waterlogging varied with waterlogging term and genotypes. W_(88) and W_(10) caused decrease by 2.5%～48.6% in some genotypes, while increase by 5.5%～56.7% in others. Of them, seven always decreased, five always increased, five and one only adapted to W_(88) and W_(10) respectively. (2) Seven tolerant types were classified with short and long-term WTC, whereas six tolerant types were classified with WTC and AY combined by cluster analysis. In addition, it was inferred that deviations would occur when WTI (waterlogging tolerant index) was used as comprehensive index combined WTC and AY. (3) Several elite genotypes tolerant to waterlogging were obtained, they can be utilized in researching target genes and copying with waterlogging damage.