试论王维引儒入禅以禅化儒思想模式之形成及其效应

On the Formation and Effect of Wangwei' s Thought of Combining Confucianism with Chan' s Theory

王维少年便有积极出世之心,又一生参就佛理,遭诸多打击后生出出世之念。后受南宗禅的影响,最终形成了“亦彼亦此、非彼非此”的“引儒入禅、以禅化儒”之思想模式,并以这种模式来解决他入世与出世思想之矛盾,而这种模式真能让王维达到“何往而不适”之境界吗?王维既想有儒家的事功作为,又想“空”物“空”心,保持出世之超脱,这是根本无法办到的。理论上他能做到引儒入禅、以禅化儒,可实践上他却永远不能完全做到“何往而不适”。

With an intention to escape from the secular world as a young man, Wangwei took great pains to study Buddhism and finally got the gist. And partially due to the mental agony suffered in his later years and the influence from the southern Chan school of Buddhism, his intention intensified and was eventually fulfilled. As a result, he gave birth to the idea of combining the Confucianism with Chan' s thought, which was' neither this nor that, both this and that' and then employed to solve the psychological dilemma between secluding from and participating in the world affairs. However it remains a question whether he could achieve the expected aim to lead to the psychological of ease. He was lingering between seclusion and participation, suffering a lot from the psychological dilemma. He was inclined to accommodate to the rules of nature, but at the same time very reluctant to be governed by nature. In fact he was governed by 'fake mind' , which determined his life - long mental agony. Therefore, though theoretically he was able to make a combination of Confucianism with Chan l s thought, he could not achieve his expected ideal of psychological tranquiliry towards life in practice.