根癌农杆菌介导的大豆遗传转化

Genetic Transformation of Soybean Mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

农杆菌介导法是大豆遗传转化的重要方法之一 ,许多实验室应用该方法得到了转基因大豆 ,但目前使用该方法进行转化的效率还比较低 ,尚需深入研究。农杆菌菌株、大豆基因型、组织培养条件、T DNA的转移效率和转化后的筛选模式都会影响大豆转化的效率。概述了近年来根癌农杆菌介导的大豆遗传转化的一些重要成果 ,以及转化过程中大豆的易感性与农杆菌的转化能力、乙酰丁香酮促进vir基因活化、转化的受体系统和巯基混合物减轻受体材料的褐化、提高T DNA的转移效率等几个重要因素的研究进展 ,并介绍了转化中常用的几个筛选标记基因 (nptⅡ、hpt、bar基因和突变的ahas基因 )及通过共转化法去除标记基因的方法 。

Genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is one of the most important methods in soybean transformation. And transgenic soybean has been obtained in many laboratories by this method, and different Agrobacterium tumefaciens stains and soybean cultivars were used. Because of the low efficiency of this method, further researches are necessary. Many factors, such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens stains, soybean cultivars, the efficiency of T-DNA transfer, tissue culture conditions and selection protocols, can affect the efficiency of the transformation. In this paper, recent advances in soybean transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens were introduced. And some affecting factors to soybean transformation, such as the interactions between soybean cultivars and Agrobacterium tumefaciens stains, regeneration systems in transformation, the chemical inducer, acetosyringone, inducing expression of the vir gene and the thiol-containing compounds decreasing tissue browning of explants and increasing T-DNA delivery were also introduced. In addition, the selectable markers, involving nptⅡ, hpt, bar and mutant aras genes, and marker-free method of co-transformation were discussed. At the same time the emphases were probed into the further researches.