《日美相互合作及安全保障条约》新论

Some New Insights into the US-Japan Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security

《日美相互合作及安全保障条约》(一般称为新《日美安保条约》)标志着美日关系发展的新阶段。美国将修改《日美安保条约》作为确保自由使用冲绳军事基地的手段,而日本将其作为争取返还冲绳的重要途径。新《日美安保条约》确定了“事前协商”制,又保留了种种“例外”。新《日美安保条约》在适用范围问题上采取了“日本本土”与“远东”并用的方式。这一切都体现了美日两国战略利益的差异与汇合。

The US-Japan Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security (generally known as new US-Japan Security Treaty) marked a new developmental stage in the US-Japan relations. While the US saw it as a means to secure the use of its Okinawa military base, Japan saw it as an important step to regain Okinawa. The new US-Japanese Security Treaty institutionalized consultation in advance while leaving several exceptions including US withdrawal of its troops from Japan, deployment of regular weapons in Japan, moving its troops to and attacking targets outside Japan from its base in Japan, and US nuclear warships entering Japanese ports. The treaty is applicable both on Japanese territory proper and in the Far East. These points reflect the differences and commonalities in the strategic interests of the US and Japan.