债权物权区分说的构成要素

The Structural Elements of the Division Theory of Sacherechte and Forderungsrechte

债权物权区分说是德国民法学最重要的体系特征之一。这一区分理论包含了支配权与请求权的区分、绝对权与相对权的区分、物权行为与债权行为的区分、客体的区分等四方面的内容;由此可以得出科学的债权和物权概念。但债权与物权的区分并不能周延现实中的一切权利类型。为此有必要将这两者的区分还原为其构成要素,并从这些要素出发,以类型学方法重新构建权利类型体系。

The division theory of Sacherechte and Forderungsrechte constitutes one of the most important characteristics of German civil law science. Based on a concise historical research, it is confirmed that the division theory epitomizes the following four structural elements: division of Herrschaftsrechte and Anspruche, division of Absolute Rechte and Relative Rechte, division of Verfugungsgeschafte and Verpflichtungsgeschafte as well as division of the objects. Accordingly precise definitions of Sachenrechte and Forderungsrechte can be given. As will be pointed out, the dichotomy of Sachenrechte and Forderungsrechte does not cover all sorts of civil rights, so it will be better to go back to the above - mentioned structural elements and then reconstruct a new civil rights system according to the principles of Typology.