多线索语篇阅读中影响背景信息通达的因素

Factors Affecting the Accessing of Backgrounded Information inMulti-clue Discourse Comprehension

先前的研究发现,在语篇阅读中,背景信息的通达会受到情景的限制,本研究采用实时窗口阅读技术,通过双人物线索材料,进一步探讨影响这种限制作用的因素。在实验所用材料中,配角只是被提及而未在故事情景中出现,其特征描述与目标句中主角的行为形成冲突关系,以配角特征为探测句,要求被试进行意义判断。结果发现,目标句中主角的行为激活了配角的特征描述,使目标句后探测句的反应时显著短于目标句前的反应时,说明起限制作用的所谓"情景"并非故事所发生的"真实情景",而是读者根据故事所建立的"心理情景"。

It was proved in a previous study that the accessing of backgrounded information in discourse reading comprehension was restricted to the situation described by the story. Using on-line window display technique, the present study further investigated the factors restricting this accessing processing by passages describing two people. In the reading materials, the supporting role was just mentioned but didn't appear in the situation of the story, and its characteristic was inconsistent with the target action carried out by the protagonist. Participants made judgments about the probe sentences according to the characteristics of the supporting roles. The data showed that probe sentences put after the first target sentences demanded less reaction time than those before the first target sentences, indicating that the supporting role's characteristic could be activated by the protagonist's action. Such result implied that the situation restricting the accessing of backgrounded information was not only the real situation occurring in the story but also the mental situation restructured by the readers.