问题解决中图式的建构:一项应用题分类研究

The Construction of Schema in Problem-solving: Study on Children's Categorizing for Word Problems

以小学三、四年级的60名儿童为被试,采用对基本算术应用题分类的方法测量图式,探讨了图式的作用以及影响图式获得的因素。结果表明,被试对问题的分类有前图式水平、图式水平、按解题程序分类三种情况,前两个水平又分成若干亚水平;图式的水平对问题解决成绩有预测作用;图式的水平和问题解决成绩均有显著的性别差异,女生优于男生。

Schema was measured by 60 third and fourth graders' categorizing for simple arithmetical word problems. Results showed that the participants classified these problems respectively on schematic level or pre-schematic level or procedural level. Performances on problem solving were different between schematic level and pre-schematic level, pre-schematic level and procedural level. There were significant gender differences on schema level and performances on problem solving. Concretely, girls exceeded boys.