山西省小麦、玉米依靠降雨满足作物需水程度的分析

Degree to Meet Water Requirement of Wheat And Maize by using Precipitation in Shanxi Province

选择山西省播种面积较大、产量较高的小麦、玉米两种主要粮食作物,分析了全省及11个分区有效灌溉面积上作物全生育期降雨有效利用量,与相应作物需水量作比较,分析了全省及各分区水地作物依靠降雨满足其需水要求的程度。结果表明全省平水年有效降雨量满足作物需水要求的程度,小麦为31%、尚缺水69%,玉米为50%、缺水50%;干旱年满足程度则更低。降水总体上远不能满足作物耗水需要,且缺口很大。

Selecting two kinds of main grain crop,wheat and maize,which have large sown area and higher yield,this paper analyzes the effective used volumes of precipitation in the whole growing period of crop in the effective irrigated area of the whole province and 11 regions.Comparing the effective precipitation with the water requirement of crop,this paper narrates the degrees to meet water requirement of wheat and maize in irrigated area of the whole province and every region.The analysis results indicate in average year the degree for wheat is 31 %,the proportion of water shortage is 69 %,the degree for maize is 50 %,the proportion of water shortage is 50 %too.The degrees in dry year are lower than average year.In brief,the effective precipitation is for less than the water requirement of crop,and the shortage volume is very big.