倾听“响彻空谷的声音”——阿尔都塞的认识论方法论及其文艺学意义

Listening to "the Echo in the Vacant Valley": L.Althusser's Epistemological Methodology and its Significance in Literary Theories

阿尔都塞反对传统的认识论,认为认识不是反映而是生产,而一个新结论、新理论的生产,是从一个"问题结构"跳跃入另一个"问题结构",由此产生了"认识论断裂",在文本(言说)中就表现为真空、空白、白点,即"症候"。基于此,他提出用"症候式阅读"法阅读文本,以从显在话语读出隐性话语,从表面的充实发现内在的空白。阿尔都塞的"症候式阅读"不仅对批驳机械的艺术反映论提供了理论支持,更为文学批评提供了新视角新思维,因而具有了方法论意义。

Althusser is opposed to traditional epistemology, believing that cognition is production rather than reflection, and that the emergence of a new conclusion and a new theory is the jump from one 'problematic structure' to another, thus resulting in epistemological rupture, which is represented in a text as vacuums, gaps and empty points, also called 'symptoms'. He suggests that 'symptomatic reading' be adopted in reading a text in order to discover the implicit discourse within explicit discourse, and to detect the internal gaps from apparent fullness. His symptomatic reading is not only a theoretical support to the critique of mechanical theory that art is the reflection of life, but also provides a new perspective for literary criticism, and thus it is of great methodological significance.