专利的制度经济学分析

Institutional Economic Analysis of Patent

专利作为知识产权保护最重要的手段被越来越多的国家以法律的形式制度化和秩序化。本文结合制度经济学原理 ,从宏观和微观两个层面上分析了专利制度的有效性 ,认为专利保护期应该以“有效专利”的形成为核心 ;专利制度增加了发展中国家在国际经济中的不利地位 ;专利制度并非一定是知识产权保护的最有效手段。

As the most important method for protecting intellectual property, patent has been institutionalized in the form of law in more and more countries.This article applies the principle of institutional economics and confirms the efficiency of patent system from macro and micro aspects. In the further study, the author comes to the conclusion about three involving problems: the duration of patent protection essentially depends on the formation of 'effective potent'; the current potent system undermines the position of less developed countries; the potent system may be the suboptimal method of intellectual property protection.