9-19岁男性青少年身体形态和下肢爆发力的发育特征研究

Research on Growth of Physique Characteristics and  Lower-Limb Explosive Strength of Male Adolescents

为了解青少年身体形态和下肢爆发力的发育特征、规律,给运动员科学选材和运动训练科学化提供依据。对上海市74名9-19岁男性青少年身体形态和下肢爆发力发育状况进行了2年的追踪调查,结果发现,样本男性青少年在青春期身高发育速度高峰年龄为11岁;身高增长最快速的年龄段是11-13岁,这与其他研究结果相比稍有提前。体重与身高在16岁以前呈较快上升趋势,体重的增加略滞后于身高的增长。青少年身体形态的发育,长度指标先于围度、量度指标,体脂率的变异度很大。男性青少年垂直纵跳能力在11-17岁为快速增长期。下肢爆发力在青春发育前期(9-14岁),随身体形态的增长发育,呈自然增长趋势,两者之间为正相关关系。RDJ指数是一个比较稳定的,受青春期发育影响比较小的指标。

A survey was conducted on the physical fitness and the Growth of Lower-limb Explosive Strength of the male adolescents in Shanghai in the hope of researching their growth characteristics, 74 Shanghai schoolboys, ranging from 9 to 19, were measured as subjects during November 2000 to November 2001. Results: The male adolescents′ height peak arrives at 11; the spans from 11 to 13. The height and weight increase very fast before 16. The height increase comes earlier than the weight increase. The body-fat percent has a considerable variance. The vertical jump increases the fastest from 11 to17. The lower-limb explosive strength is increasing along with age, especially from 9 to 14, sharing a positive correlation. The result indicates that RDJ index is a measure relevant to stability.