吉林省大豆种植区土壤的机械组成、pH值及营养元素与产量的关系

Relationship of Soil Mechanical Composition, pH Value and Main Nutrients with Soybean Yield in Planting Areas of Jilin Province

试验研究了吉林省大豆种植区土壤的机械组成、pH值及主要营养元素与产量的关系.结果表明:粘粒、粉粒与大豆产量具有显著相关关系(r=0.734,r=0.788).大豆生长理想的土壤质地条件为粉砂粘壤土和粘壤土,土壤中的粘粒含量为15%～25%、粉砂粒含量为25%～45%有利于大豆的高产;土壤pH值与大豆产量具有显著负相关关系(r=-0.834),但土壤pH值为5.5～6.5有利于大豆的高产;土壤碱解氮与产量具有显著正相关关系(r=0.899),碱解氮为80～140 mg/kg大豆的产量较高;土壤速效磷和钾与大豆产量无显著相关性;大豆种植区养分有效性的发挥与土壤的pH值、机械组成及氮磷钾的比率等有一定的关系.

The relationship of soil mechanical composition, pH value and main nutrients with soybean yield in soybean planting areas of Jilin province was studied by means of mathematical relationship analysis . The results show that both clay particle and silt particle are positively correlated with soybean yield, the coefficient of which are 0.734 and 0.788 respectively. Soil mechanical composition analysis indicates that favorable soil condition for cultivating soybean is silt clay soil and clay loam classification; amount of clay particles is between 15% -25% , and that of silt sand particles is between 25% - 45% . Soil pH value and soybean yield are negatively correlated, the coefficient of which is - 0.834; but soil pH between 5.5 ~ 6.5 is beneficial to soybean yield increase; soil alkali N between 80 ~ 140 mg/kg is beneficial to soybean yield. The correlation between soil available P and K and soybean yield is not obvious in every planting area; the availability of main nutrients is relative to pH value, soil mechanical composition and the ratio of N, P and K.