信息服务向知识服务提升的探讨

Upgrade Information Oriented Service to Knowledge Oriented Service

信息服务是以向人们提供有用的显性信息为内容的信息传播过程 ,其特点和局限性在于 :信息服务过程中所提供的信息 ,只是作为素材化的材料直接提供给用户 (如一次文献、二次文献等 ) ,没有对其所含的知识内容给予具体的分析、提炼。人们通过各种检索手段 ,获取的只是文献或数据信息本身 ,其产品也难以针对性和系统性地满足个性化知识需求。知识服务是指从各种显性和隐性信息资源中 ,针对人们的需要 ,将知识提炼出来的过程。基于这一取向 ,“知识服务”工作不再是以规范化的信息资源收藏和组织为标志 ,而是以灵活的服务模式 ,充分利用和调动知识工作者的智慧 ,对特定问题进行的分析、诊断、解决为标志。对比传统的以“资源”为中心的价值取向下的信息服务工作 ,知识服务工作的最突出特点 ,是以用户需求满足程度为主要标准 ,发展灵活的、深入的。

Information oriented service is to provide directly to users with original data or materials without being further processed, such as the original research papers, articles, patent, bibliographies, etc. Knowledge oriented service aims to useful extract knowledge or signals from numerous disordered data and materials according to user directions. The former is considered as a passive service with emphasis mainly on the data and information collection, storage and dissemination while the latter is supposed an active, flexible and individualized service through further processing and analyzing raw materials and initiating special knowledge to meet user's special needs.