东北山区湿地的保育与合理利用对策

Strategy of Restoration and Rational Utilization for Wetlands in the Northeast Mountains,China

大、小兴安岭和长白山区是东北湿地的主要分布区之一。山区湿地面积 4 5 2 .31万hm2 ,以沼泽湿地为主 ,占山区湿地总面积的 76 .71% ,分布着特有的中营养和贫营养沼泽。山区大面积的森林和湿地是保护东北平原农牧业生产及生态环境的重要天然屏障。在分析湿地主要生态功能及保护利用现状的同时 ,提出增设湿地自然保护区、加强保护区的有效管理和能力建设、实施对湿地开发项目的生态环境影响评价、建立湿地生态监测试验站、加强湿地科学研究。

This study investigates the wetlands in the Northeast Mountains from May to September in 2004. This project is based on the consultant project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. Daxing'an Mountains and Xiaoxing'an Mountains and Changbai Mountains are main wetland distributive zones in China. The survey shows that in this area there are 4 523 100 hm 2 wetlands, 76.71% of them is mire. Medium and low nutritious mire coming from this area are unique species. The large size of forest and wetland has become important natural wall for agriculture and livestock farming and ecological environment in the Northeast plain. According to the findings and evaluations on the main ecological function and the current utilization of wetland, some enhancement measures should be taken such as, to increase numbers of wetland natural conservation area, to improve management and conservation of conservation area, to make assessment on the ecological environment effect of wetland development project, to establish wetland ecological monitoring experimental station, to improve scientific research and sustainable utilization of wetland resources, to enhance economic dynamic of wetland conservation.