北京白河湿地主要植物群落生态学研究

The Domminant Community Study on Ecology of Wetland Plant in Baihe River Wetland

通过对北京白河植物群落的组成、结构、生物量、生活型及区系特征调查研究。结果表明 ,白河滩地共分布有水生、湿生植物 33科 98属 178种 ;生活型以地面芽植物和一年生植物占优势 ;区系特征以世界广布和北温带分布型占主导。该调查区域共有 18个湿地植物群落类型 ;主要植物群落的生物量秋季小香蒲 (Typhaminima)群落为 32 0 0g/m2 ;芦苇群落 (Phragmitesaustralis)为 30 0 0g/m2 ;有芒稗 (Echinochloacrusgalliivar.caudata)群落为 35 0 0g/m2 ;褐鳞莎草群落 (Cyperusfuscus)为 130 0g/m2 。该地区主要植物群落的生物量、群落组织水平。

Wetland is viewed as 'Kidney of the Nature' due to its abundant resources and unique ecological structure and functions. In order to protect affectively and utilize reasonably the rare wetland resources, many measures have been taken by Chinese government to prevent the degradation or disappearance of wetlands. In recent years, many studies focus on the wetlands in the South China, but no attention had been paid to the wetland resources in Beijing. As the capital of china, There are rare wetlands in Beijing area. Baihe river is an important wetland in its fresh water and rich wild life resources. It has a high ecology, hydrology and geomorphology value. Based on these facts, we carried out the investigation and deal with the plant communities in Baihe river wetland. In this paper, the feature and the structure of plant communities were measured and the life form spectrum of the plant species and the areal-types of genera of seed plants in the wetland of Baihe river wetland were analyzed. The results are given as follows : There are various plant resources in Baihe river wetland, including 33 families, 98 genera and 178 species; The primary areal-types are Comopolitan and North Temperate, and the dominate life-form types are Hemicryptophytes and Therophytes; Eighteen types of communities are described, they are:1) Com. Echinochloa crusgallii, 2) Com. Typha angustifolia, 3) Com. Typha minima, 4)Com. Polygonum lapathifolium var.salicifolyum, 5) Com. Phragmites australis, 6) Com. Salix linearistipularis, 7) Com. Polygonum hydropiper, 8) Com. Oenanthe decumbens, 9) Com. Cyperus fuscus, 10) Com. Bidens tripartite, 11) Com. Stachys chinensis, 12) Com. Eleocharis valleculosa, 13) Com. Scirpus planiculmis, 14) Com. Arthraxon hispidus, 15) Com. Artemisia integrifolia, 16) Com. Cypeus glomeratus, 17) Com. Artemisia annua, 18) Com. Cyperus michelianus; It is also found that among the wetland vegetation types, the distribution area of Com. Echinochloa crusgallii is the largest, and then Com. Cyperus fuscus and Com. Phragmites australis is the second and the third distribution area. Com. Salix linearistipularis and Com. Stachys chinensis display the highest species diversity index in the communities. The biomass of the four dominant communities in autumn was analyzed as follows: Com. Typha minima 3 200 g/m 2; Com. Phragmites australis 3 000 g/m 2; Com. Echinochloa crusgallii 3 500 g/m 2; Com. Cyperus fuscus 1 300 g/m 2. All the communities showed a large difference in different stands and with different dominant species in different seasons. The seasonal changes in the biomass, structure and the diversity of wetland plant communities were the results from their growth patterns and human interference, and different species showed its own feature. Water also played an important role in determining the distribution pattern of populations. Moreover, the strategies of wetland protection were discussed in this paper. The research results can provide the scientific basis for the restoration, reconstruction and regulation of the in Baihe river wetland.