石油开发对黄土区生态环境的影响与对策

Oil exploration impact to eco-environment and protection countermeasure in loess hilly-gully area

目的 为降低石油开发引起的区域生态破坏和环境污染的影响程度,分析石油开发各阶段对生态因子的影响,并提出保护对策。方法 对土地利用、动植物、植被和景观生态因子采用资料收集和实地调查方法,土壤生态因子采用类比工程监测和USLE模型预测方法。结果 通过分析得出石油开发的建设期、运行期和服务期满后 3个阶段均对黄土丘陵沟壑区的土地利用、土壤、动植物、植被和景观产生影响。结论 根据不同阶段和工程类型的影响程度,采取相应的保护对策,尤其是生物措施要贯穿整个开发过程,把石油开发对黄土丘陵沟壑区生态环境的影响程度降低到最小。

Aim The regional ecological destruction and environmental pollution are produced by oil exploration. In order to reduce them, it is necestary analyze the impacts to ecological factors in different stages in regional oil exploration and brings forward protection countermeasures.Methods The method of land using, animal, plant, vegetation and landscape assessment is field survey and data collection. and monitor of familiar project and model of USLE were adopted in soil assessment.Results The land using, soil, animal, plant, vegetation and landscape were affected by oil exploration in loess hilly-gully area including the periods of construction, run and service expired.Conclusion The respective protection countermeasures were put forward according to different stages and engineering and degrees of impact. Especially the biological measure was run through the whole course of exploration. And degree of oil exploration impacts to eco-environment and intensity of exploration should be cut down .