摘要
利用多种方法对欧洲北极地区典型中等尺度景观对气候变化的响应进行概述。首先是进行野外调查和观测。由于南角地的大部分地区由冰川覆盖,且随着20世纪气候的变暖,该区冰川发生急剧的退缩,因此冰川在南角地地区的景观中发挥着重要的作用。冰川退缩对景观的影响非常强烈,这反映在区域的第四纪沉积地貌、水体、动物、植被和土壤等。20世纪最重要的景观变化表现在:冰川平衡线海拔高度升高了100～200m;冰川表面的大规模退缩和冰储量的急剧减少;入海冰川的退缩引起的陆地面积显著的减少;海岸线的变长尤其海岸冰崖的增多;陆地水网的发育和冰川退缩区内植被演替的开始。小冰期以来,南角地地区并未发生均衡抬升。
A reaction of the European Arctic landscape to a climate change on the scale of a typical middle-sized region is outlined.A wide scope of the methods was used,first of all field mapping and observations.Glaciers are important in the Sarkapp Land landscape because they cover the majority of its territory and undergo quick recession as a result of the 20^(th) century warming.Glacial recession influence intensively:relief with Quaternary deposits,waters,animals,vegetation and soils.The most important landscape changes in the 20^(th) century are:uplift of the equilibrium line altitude on glaciers by 100-200 m;large glacial recession in both surface and volume;significant decrease of the land area due to recession of tidewater glaciers;lengthening of the coastline,and especially of glacial cliffs;development of the land water network; start of the plant succession in areas abandoned by glaciers.No isostatic uplift has taken place in Sarkapp Land since the Little Ice Age.
