稻田养鸭对稻鸭复合系统中病、虫、草害及蜘蛛的影响

A study on the influence of rice-duck intergrowth on spider, rice diseases, insect and weeds in rice-duck complex ecosystem

研究鸭子在稻鸭复合生态系统中对蜘蛛及病、虫、草害的影响。试验结果表明 :稻田中放入 4 5 0只鸭 / hm2 ,对农田杂草的控制率为 98.8% ;稻鸭共栖小区蜘蛛数量显著高于施药小区。高峰期蜘蛛量 ,稻鸭共栖小区比施药小区高 6 3.6 % ;第 4、第 5代稻飞虱虫量稻鸭共栖小区比对照小区分别下降 4 7.6 %、72 .8% ,稻鸭共栖对稻飞虱可以起到稳定、持续的控制作用 ;可减轻二化螟、纹枯病的发生量和发病程度约 5 0 .0 % ,对二化螟和纹枯病有较好的控制效果 ;稻鸭共栖对纵卷叶螟控制效果较差 ,水稻生长后期需结合采用药剂防治 ;稻鸭共栖可改变农田害虫、天敌的生存环境 ,减少用药次数 ,减轻农药对环境的污染 。

The article studied the influence of ducks in a rice-duck complex ecosystem as well as its natural enemies and diseases, insects, weeds and pests. The results indicated: when feeding 450 ducks.hm^(-2) in paddyfield, the controllable rate of weeds on farmland was 98.8%; the quantity of spiders in rice-duck commensalism area was remarkably more than those in areas using pesticide. The quantity of spiders at fastigium in rice-duck commensalism area was 63.6% higher than in those area also using pesticide. The fourth and the fifth generation of rice planthoppers in commensalism areas declined by 47.6% and 72.8% respectively compared with the contrasted area, rice-duck commensalisms had a stable and long controlled effect on rice planthoppers and eased the disease incidence and degree of Chilo suppressalis Walker, sheath blight at about 50%, which also had a better controlled impact on Chilo suppressalis Walker, sheath blight. Unfortunately rice-duck commensalism had a bad effect on controlling Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée. At the anaphase of rice's growth, medicament prevention and cure should be linked. Rice-duck commensalism can deteriorate the breeding grounds for pests in farmland as well as the natural enemies of rice, decreasing number of pesticide usage. alleviate the pesticide pollution to the environment and improve the yield of grain and economic benefit.