近20年中国南极科学考察的气象业务进展

Progress on Operational Meteorology in Chinese Antarctic Expedition for Recent Two Decades

近 2 0年来 ,中国南极科学考察的气象业务取得了长足进展。 1 985年在南极半岛建立了中国长城气象站 ;1 989年在南极大陆建成了中国中山气象台 ;2 0 0 1年与澳大利亚南极局合作在距中山站 1 6 0km的南极冰盖上安置了LGB 6 9自动气象站(AWS)。在长城和中山两站开展了常规地面气象观测、站区天气预报服务、气象卫星高分辨率图像传输资料 (HRPT)接收等业务 ;在中山站进行Brewer大气臭氧和紫外辐射 (UV B)等要素的观测 ;在赴南极考察的航渡期间进行气象观测和预报服务。南极常规气象业务已为研究南极在全球气候变化中的作用积累了丰富资料 ,为航渡和站区考察项目的实施提供的气象服务保障 ,为我国南极科学考察和研究事业作出了重要贡献。进一步提高南极气象业务水平 ,拓展气象业务和大气科学考察研究领域 ,是今后极地大气科学考察和研究的重要任务。

The significant Progress of Chinese Antarctic operational meteorology has been made with the development Antarctic expeditions for the recent two decades. Two permanent stations in Antarctic area were established and named as the “Great Wall” and “Zhongshan”, respectively. The former has been operating since 1984 and the latter since 1989. The automatic weather station (LGB-69) was installed cooperated with Australian Antarctic Division in 2001, which is located on an ice sheet and far 160km from Zhongshan. A series of operational observations, including surface meteorology, real-time and site weather forecasting with high-resolution satellite data and atmospheric ozone and UV-B are carried out. Meteorology observations were made, and services of forecast were also conducted on the expedition vessel. Antarctic meteorology operation provided the original data for Antarctic study and meteorology service for Antarctic navigation and expedition. Therefore, it is a very important task for us to further improve operational meteorology of Antarctic expedition.