试析胡适与蒋廷黻关于“民主与独裁”的论争

Discussion about Hu Shi and Jiang Tingfu's Contension on 'Democracy and Dictatorship'

20世纪30年代,中国思想界发生了一场关于'民主与独裁'的论争.胡适以世界大同主义为指导,坚持个人自由与民族复兴并重,主张中国实行民主宪政;蒋廷黻则以民族危机为逻辑起点,坚持民族复兴优先于个人自由,主张暂时搁置自由主义,在中国实行专制政治.他们各自执持的世界大同主义、民族主义,都形成于留学美国期间,是引发论争的根本原因.

In the 1930' s,the circle of Chinese thought experienced a fierce contension on“Democracy and Dictatorship”.Hu Shi,with his belief in Universal Great Harmony,insisted on nationalism with equal emphases on individual freedom and national renaissance,and claimed constitutional democ-racy in China;while Jiang Tingfu,lo gically based on the notion of nation al crisis,insisted that preference should be given to nation al renaissance rather than individu al needs,and that individ-ualism be suspended temporarily.In short he supported dictatorship in C hina.Hu Shi and Jiang Tingfu' s different notions on Nationalism,both formed in a period when they stud ied in America,are the basic cause of their contension.