区域旅游可持续发展的生态学透视

Ecological Perspective of Sustainable Development of Regional Tourism

区域旅游系统是一个由有机复合体(包括游客、当地居民和旅游经营者)和旅游环境构成的特殊生态系统,该文从生态学的角度探讨区域旅游可持续发展的本质问题。在分析一些区域旅游出现的干扰基本生态过程、超越环境承载力、透支生态价值等不可持续发展现象的基础上,以系统共生、循环再生和自我调节等生态学原理为指导,提出区域旅游可持续发展的措施:实施生态开发,维护旅游生态系统平衡;遵循生态位原理,促进旅游地协调共生;合理调控旅游开发强度,统筹人与自然和谐发展;提倡生态道德,尊重生态价值;采用集成研究,实现整体效益最优。

With the rapid progress of the urbanization and industrialization in the world,tourism is developed unprecedentedly,however some side affects such as forest degenerating,water and soil eroding,environments pollutions and biodiversity losing come into being with the development of the tourism.All these have caused the attentions of many people and organizations.Man begin to mediate the behaviors of themselves,and try to search for the developing modes of tourism which can harmonize the relationship between man and nature and maintain the good state of the tourism development.From the angle of geography,the tourism system is a complex system composed by tourism resource sites,tourism destination sites and tourism channels.In fact,the system of regional tourism is a special ecosystem composed by organic composition (including tourists,local residents,and tourism operators) and the tourism environment.The ecological essence of sustainable development of regional tourism is to satisfy the need of economy,society and aesthetics,and maintain the unity of culture,the basic ecological progress,the biodiversity and the life supporting system.This article tries to discuss the essential problems of the sustainable development of regional tourism from the angle of ecology,hoping to find some workable thoughts for it.On the base of analyzing some unsustainable development phenomena such as disturbing basic ecological process,exceeding environment capacity,and ecological value overdraft,and in the reference of ecological principles,the followed measures are put forward: actualizing ecological development,maintaining the balance of tourism ecosystem;keeping to niche theory,promoting the harmony of tourism sites;controlling the development intensity in reason,and making nature and humanity as a unity;advocating ecological moral,respecting ecological value;adopting the integration method,realizing the optimization benefits.