环境地质与地质灾害

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY AND GEOLOGICAL HAZARD

“环境”可分为三大类:社会环境,即人与人之间的社会联系所形成的社会环境,人是环境的主体;自然环 境,是不以人类意志发展的自然界环境,自然界是主体;地质环境,它也可以说是自然环境的组成部分,但它具有其 特殊性,人类是与地质环境的组成部分,人类与地质环境共同发展,而地质环境是主体。我国面临的主要环境地质 问题是淡水资源危机、土地资源的流失与荒漠化、严重的地质灾害造成的环境问题,地球化学循环的环境问题,城 市发展中环境问题,以及人类活动诱发的环境地质问题等。其中,地质灾害在我国日趋严重,直接危害人民生命财 产,给国家造成很大损失,2003年的统计全国实发性地质灾害隐患点约有16万处,受威胁的人口约1155万人,财 产约2014亿元。地质灾害防治工作,有许多问题急待解决。

The “environment” can be divided into three types: (1) the social environment which is formed through the social connection among the people, in which the human being is the subject; (2) the natural environment which develops independent of the human will, in which the nature is the subject; and (3) the geological environment which can also be a component as a part of the natural environment; although it has the specific characteristics, in which the human being and geological environment jointly develop with the latter as the subject. The main environmental-geological problems that China is facing are as follows: freshwater resource crisis, soil erosion of land resource, geological hazards, environmental problems in the geo-chemical circulation, environmental problems in the urban development,and environmental-geological problems induced by the human activities. The increasing geological hazards in China has done a great deal of harms to the people's lifes and properties and caused the heavy losses. According to the statistical figures in 2003, there were about 160 thousand sites with hidden perils for the geological hazards; 11.55 million inhabitants and the properties about 201.4 billion RMB Yuan were affected. Therefore, the prevention and harnessing of geologic hazards are very pressing and so many problems need to be solved.