湖南长沙、衡阳地区1888～1916年的春季植物物候与气候变化

CHANGES OF PLANTS PHENOPHASES AND TEMPERATURE IN SPRING DURING 1888～1916 AROUND CHANGSHA AND HENGYANG IN HUNAN PROVINCE

文章根据清代王闿运所著《湘绮楼日记》中的湖南长沙、衡阳地区的春季物候记录,重建了该地区1888～ 1916年的春季植物物候距平序列。分析发现,1888～1916年春季植物物候期平均较现代推迟3.22d,其中1890年 代迟4.89d,1900年代迟2.22d,1910年代迟4.29d。进而推算,长沙、衡阳地区1888～1916年的春季比现代冷,平 均气温低0.37℃。该结果可使长沙地区的年代际春季温度序列延长到1890年代。

Historical recordation is one of the highlighted proxy data for reconstruction of past environment changes, in which China has a great advantage for abundant historical literature. Among the sources of historical records on environment change, ancient dairies are important and contain plenty of climatic information undiscovered. In this paper, a diary named “Xiangqilou Diary”, which was written by Wang Kaiyun in the late Qing Dynasty, has been discovered. Wang Kaiyun had written his diary between 1869 to 1916. In the dairy, there are a lot of valuable recordation on phenology and weather. The records are especially valuable during the years from 1887 to 1916 when Wang Kaiyun lived in the area around Changsha and Hengyang in Hunan Province, which may provide continuous proxy data for reconstructing the environment change of the area. Based on the phenological records on typical plant species (peach, plum, apricot, peony, cherry, crab apple and redbud) collected from the “Xiangqilou Diary”, a series of annual plants phenophases anomaly in spring during 1888～1916 around Changsha and Hengyang in Hunan Province has been reconstructed. To compare with the present phonological date around Changsha and Hengyang, the average phenophase in spring during 1988～1916 was 3.22d later than the present day. According to the 5-year running mean of the phonological anomaly series, the phenophases during 1888～1916 can be divided into three phases. That is the phenophases was 3.42d later than present during 1888～1900, 5.33d earlier in average during the three years with records in 1901～1904, and 5.17d later during 1905～1916. The decadal mean phenophases were later than the mean of the present day, in which 4.89d later in the 1890s(1890～1899), 2.22d later in 1900s(1900～1909), and 4.29d later in the first 7 years of the 1910s(1900～1916). As a natural record of the climate change, phenopheses can objectively reflect temperature changes. Because the phenophases during 1888～1916 was generally later than nowadays, it can be inferred that the climate during 1888～1916 was colder than the present day. The average spring temperature during 1888～1916 was about 0.37℃ lower than now, in which it was 0.58℃ lower in the 1890s, 0.23℃ lower in the 1900s, and 0.51℃ lower in the 1910s. The result analyzed in this paper is helpful for extending the history of spring temperature change in Changsha back to the 1890s.