美国政府绩效评估的历史演变

The Evolution of American Government Performance Measurement

回顾美国政府绩效评估演变的历史轨迹,不难发现,它最早可以追溯到1906年纽约市政研究院的绩效评估实践,至今已有近百年的历史。美国政府绩效评估大致经历了萌芽时期、绩效预算时期和全面发展时期三个历史阶段,它是特定时期的政治、经济和社会文化环境的必然产物。其侧重点各不相同,从注重部门效率、行政投入(Input)、行政产出(Output),到关注绩效预算、实行成本控制,最后发展到对整体效率、结果(Outcome)、有效性和绩效目标的实现。

Reviewing the historical development of American Government Performance Measurement, we found that it began originally the practice of the New York Bureau of Municipal Research from 1906. It's almost one century for American Government Performance Measurement. We argue that American Government Performance Measurement can be divided into three historical periods: Burgeoning Period, Performance Budgeting Period, and Fully Development Period. Each one is the logical result of the politics, economics, and social culture environment. The focuses of each period are different, evolving from agency's efficiency, inputs and outputs to performance budgeting and cost-control, then to overall efficiency, outcome, effectiveness and achievement to performance goals and objectives.