基于PSR模型的松嫩平原西部湿地生态环境评价

Assessment of wetland eco-environment in western Songnen plain based on PRS model

以1986年和2000年遥感影像作为信息源,在GIS技术的支持下建立了松嫩平原西部湿地空间信息数据库。以压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型作为研究方法,建立了一套湿地生态环境评价指标体系。通过选取反映压力、状态及响应等的指标,对该区湿地生态环境的动态变化进行了分析。得出基本结论,(1)15年来该区人为干扰压力不断加强,造成人工湿地增加,天然湿地减少,湿地生态环境服务功能下降。(2)15年来该区湿地内部结构和状态发生显著变化,湿地景观异质性在不断增加,湿地破碎化及退化严重。(3)15年来湿地对人类活动干扰的响应是湿地面积在不断减少,人类对湿地变化的响应是建立湿地保护区,保护区的面积在不断增加。

By using 1986 and 2000 remote sensing data as basic information resource and with support of GIS, the spatial information database of western Songnen plain wetland is established in this paper. A set of assessment indicators of wetland eco-environment is established according to pressure-state-response (PSR) model. The dynamic change of wetland eco-environment is analyzed by selecting assessment indicators as pressure, state, response, etc. Three essential conclusions are drawn as follows: firstly, because of the human activities during the past 15 years, the area of artificial wetland increased and that of natural wetland decreased, resulting in the decrease of the wetland ecosystem services function; secondly, the changes obviously occur in the structure and state of wetland. The fragileness and degeneration of wetland are very severe. Finally, the response of wetland is that the area is decreasing. The response of human is that the area of wetland reserve is increasing.