地统计学在土壤重金属研究中的应用及展望

Application and perspective of geostatistics in the study on soil heavy metals

从采矿学与地质学研究中发展起来的地统计学是应用数理统计学的一个分支。与传统的统计学相比,地统计学可应用于土壤重金属研究中,能探索土壤重金属的空间分布特征及其变异规律。地统计学的基础理论与方法主要包括:区域化变量、半方差函数、克立格空间插值技术。半方差函数可以用来描述研究土壤重金属分布的空间相关性;而克立格插值可以对未采样区土壤重金属的含量进行无偏最优估计。在对地统计学理论进行简要阐述的基础上,回顾了近些年在土壤重金属研究的采样设计、空间结构分析、空间插值等方面的应用,并就其应用前景作了展望。

Geostatistics, a branch of applied statistics, is developed from the mining industry and geology. Superior to the traditional statistical tools, the geostatistics can be applied to investigating the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soils. The geostatistics’s basic theories and techniques include the regionalized variables, the semivariance function and Kriging Interpolation. The semivariance function is used to characterize the spatial correlation of soil heavy metals. Kriging is optimal prediction for regionalized variable at unsampled region. In this review, the basic theories and recent developing tendency of geostatistics was introduced, finally the perspective of geostatistics in the research of soil heavy metals was discussed.