弗洛姆的社会性格论

Fromme's Doctrine of Social Character

弗洛姆认定个人性格是建立在人与社会互动的基础之上的,由此他把社会性格看作是一个团体绝大多数的性格结构的核心。社会性格的形成是文化、教育、家庭及社会的无意识多种因素综合作用的结果。社会性格在弗洛姆的思想体系中占有重要的地位,它为弗洛姆的理论、经验研究,更重要的是为他评判社会奠定了基础。弗洛姆的社会性格论既发展了弗洛伊德的性格论,也弥补了马克思理论的不足,为社会的精神文明建设提供了思路。但他过于注重心理的作用,从而偏离了马克思思想的原意。

Fromme holds that an individual's character is based on the interactivity between man and society. Thus he regards social character as the core of the majority of a larger group. The formation of the social character is the result of comprehensive functioning of many factors like culture, family and unconsciousness of the society. Social character, which occupies a high position in Fromme's ideological system, has laid a foundation for the study of his theory and experience, and more importantly for his criticizing the society. Fromme's social character theory not only develops Freud's character theory but also compensate for the shortcomings of Marxist theory. It provide a worthwhile idea for the construction of ideological civilization. But at the same time, he over-emphasizes the mental factors and thus deviates from the original meaning of Marxist thought.