从雨果看浪漫主义作家的世界观和人物创造——兼议马克思恩格斯对浪漫主义的论述

Viewing Romantic Writers' Outlook and Character Creation from Hugo

现实主义作家和浪漫主义作家都有巨大成就,不可扬此抑彼。二者所用的创作方法不同,目的却是一样,殊途同归,异曲同工。不能用现实主义关于典型的标尺作为权衡浪漫主义或其他创作方法创造典型人物的共同尺度。雨果经历复杂,世界观产生了许多前后矛盾的痕迹,但他始终是一个资产阶级民主主义者和小资产阶级人道主义者。雨果也塑造了许多具有理想化特征的不平凡的人物。这些人物与现实主义作家所写的典型人物不同,属于浪漫主义典型人物。马克思恩格斯对浪漫主义作家批评甚多,从政治观点来看,无疑是正确的。诚然这些作家有其弱点,但包括雨果在内的浪漫主义作家在文艺创作中有很多地方值得赞扬,故不应对其大加贬抑。

Both realist writers and romantic writer have made great achievements. With different writing methods the writers of the two schools have achieve the same purpose. The typifying criteria of realism cannot be used to measure how romanticism or other schools create characters. Hugo was very much experienced and his outlook underwent several changes in his lifetime. But he was always a capitalist democrat and a capitalist humanist. Hugo created many extraordinary figures with idealistic features. Unlike the typical characters created by realistic writers, these figures belong to romanticism. Marx and Engles's criticisms towards the romantic writers are inevitably correct politically. However, these writers still have many things worthy of praise.