地价“剪刀差”的形成及其解决思路——兼论土地供给在宏观调控中的作用

Land Price Distortion and its Corrections ——Land Supply and Its Function of the Macroeconomic-control

通过工农产品价格"剪刀差",中国工业从农业部门积累了大量的原始资本。地价"剪刀差"由传统的工农产品价格"剪刀差"引申,是在被扭曲的农地非农化过程中,农村向城市发展提供积累的一种形式。地价"剪刀差"的形成源于征地法规及程序的不完善,地方与中央政府税收分成激励,土地市场二元结构等。只有从完善现行征地制度,理顺地方与中央土地收益分配关系,逐渐统一和规范土地市场等方面着手,才可能扭转地价"剪刀差"局面,从根本上解决农民失地又失业问题。同时,回归土地征用价值,减少土地供给,调控过热经济,从该意义上讲,我国通过控制土地供给,可以起到冷却过热经济,达到宏观经济调控的目的。

The original industrial capital came from the scissors unfair price obtained from the agricultural sector. The land scissors price is similar to the agricultural scissors price, which originated from unfair deal between rural land price and urban land price. But the unequilibrium price is a great advantage to the authorities and the developers, at the same time, it is disadvantageous for rural landowners. There are several reasons why such unjust price can exist for so long. Namely, land expropriation policy is still not perfect; land profit allocation between the district and central government is not reasonable, bi-structural land market has some effect upon the formation of price. The only way to overcome those problems is to solve the above questions, including land expropriations reform, land profit allocation adjustment, as well as land market unification. It is the other side to control the overheated economy nowadays from the point of land supply restriction. To cool the overheated investment, land supply control is needed. Accordingly, the distorted price should be corrected.