汉学、宋学和清代史学

The Interaction between the Two Kinds of Han & Song Learnings and Qing Historiography

考察清代史学思想的发展演变,不能忽视汉学、宋学与史学的交互作用。由于汉学、宋学时而斗争,时而合流,影响到清代史学,也就表现出时而重考据,时而又偏重义理的情况。在汉学影响下,清代史学出现了与宋明史学迥然有别的风貌。史学领域重考证、轻议论的治史风格逐渐形成;学者移汉学治经方法以治史,丰富了治史方法;《春秋》笔法,以正统论史,以"天理"、"心性"论历史盛衰遭到拒斥。汉学对清代史学的影响,既有积极的一面,又有消极的一面。同时,清代史学也以自身的原则和方法影响着汉学和宋学,拯弊纠偏,在"资治"的层面上引导清代学术思潮向史学发展。

We should pay attention to the interactions between Han learning , Song learning and Chinese historiography if we want to study the changes and development of the historiography thoughts of Qing Dynasty . Under the interactions, Qing historiography appears very different style from Song and Ming Dynasties. It changes the emphasis on comment into textual research, so that make the methods of historiography research plentiful. In a word, the Han learning gives historiography a lot of positive influence as well as negative one, and historiography affects them with special principles and methods, too. Meanwhile, the academic trend of Qing Dynasty is led.