吐蕃时期的禅宗传承

The Spreading and Inheriting of Buddhist Zen Doctrine in the Tubo Kingdom Period

按藏史载,吐蕃汉印“法诤”后,汉地禅宗败北并被逐出吐蕃,但敦煌藏文禅宗文献表明,至少吐蕃后期,禅宗不仅在活动,还发展出一条藏人的禅宗传承———善知识传承。如何解释史料与史实间的矛盾?吐蕃时期禅宗传承是怎样一种发展样态?禅宗传承的活动区域在哪里?这些问题将是本文讨论的重点。本文认为吐蕃禅宗传承活动的中心区域在藏语称作″玛域″(青海东部之黄河流域),即吐蕃时期称作″宗哥″(讼割)的地方,10世纪以后,该地遂成为后弘期下路弘法传承的策源地。吐蕃禅宗的传播与摩诃衍相关,其弟子虚空藏及再传弟子益西央是吐蕃禅宗系统建设中的重要人物。

According to Tibetan literature records,in Tibet there was a debate between some Chinese monks of the Zen sect and an Indian Buddhist group in the later period of the Yarlong Dy-nasty.The Chinese Zen monks were defeated and expelled out of Tibet.But another Tibetan document of Zen from Dunhuang seems to show that the Zen monks not only still carried forward their mission-ary works during the later period of the Yarlong Dynasty,they even had found a Tibetan school of Zen.How do we explain the illogical antinomy from the different Tibetan documents about this reli-gious event?How had the Tibetan Zen school come into being and developed?What region did this school have its missionary work in?These are what this paper attempts to illustrate about.