清初的东北流人及对东北文化发展的贡献

Contribution of Exile on Northeast's Cultural Development in the Early Qing Dynasty

流人，是因罪而被徙者。东北气候酷寒，人烟稀少，所以清初统治者把这里作为流放地。清代流人中知识分子、文艺人才占一定比例。他们设馆授徒，教书育人，传播文化；他们不仅带来大量书籍，还亲自创作，留下许多诗集、文集；他们吟诗作赋，将文人雅士的诗社之风吹到了东北；他们创作剧本、上演戏剧，使苦寒之地响起动听的乐曲。流人的文化活动使东北也变成“说礼教师之国矣”。

Northeast area was a exiled place in the Qing Dynasty. Many offenders were exiled there by the rulers of Qing Dynasty. Some of them were intellectuals. They brought the Han nationality's culture to Northeast area. Their cultural activity changed Northeast's culture and customs.