短跑运动员途中跑支撑期摆动腿作用的运动学相关分析

Kinematic Analysis on the Role of the Swaying Leg during Running for Male Sprinters

为研究短跑运动员途中跑支撑阶段摆动腿对跑速的影响 ,采用高速摄影及影片解析、数理统计等方法 ,对我国短跑运动员途中跑支撑期摆动腿运动学特征等指标与身体重心速度、专项成绩之间的关系进行分析。结果表明 :途中跑中摆动腿最大摆动速度和平均摆动速度与支撑腿支撑时间显著相关 ,摆动腿的平均摆动速度与后蹬时间之间明显相关 ;摆动腿的摆动角速度与身体重心水平速度及垂直速度密切相关 ;支撑腿和摆动腿的角速度变化量与离地瞬间身体重心水平速度密切相关。提示 :加快摆动腿的摆动速度能有效提高缓冲和蹬伸速度 ,缩短支撑时间 ,提高途中跑的步频 ;摆动腿的摆动速度对加快身体重心水平速度有显著影响 ;加强和提高途中跑摆动腿的运动效果 ,提高短跑运动员下肢摆动工作肌群的力量。

In order to study the role of swaying leg in sprint, the author use the high speed camera and the mathematical method to analyze the relation between kinematic characteristics of swaying leg in upholding stage and the velocity of body gravity. The result shows that there is correlated relation between the maximal swaying velocity and average velocity and the duration of upholding leg touching the ground,the average velocity of swaying leg correlated with the time of upholding leg stretch the ground,the angle velocity of swaying leg correlated with horizontal and vertical velocity of body gravity ,the variation of angle velocity of upholding leg and swaying leg correlated with the horizontal velocity of body gravity. The author suggests that strengthening the swaying velocity of swaying leg could shorten the time of upholding and improving the running frequency and the horizontal velocity of body gravity and promoting the strength of swaying working group muscle of low limb.