中国与世界优秀女子跳高运动员起跳技术生物力学对比分析

The Biomechanical Analysis on Takeoff Technique between Chinese Female Jumper and World Elite Jumper in High Jump

运用运动生物力学研究方法 ,对中国与世界优秀女子跳高运动员 (现世界纪录保持者科斯塔迪诺娃以及贝科娃 )起跳技术进行对比分析。结果发现 ,同世界优秀运动员相比 ,中国运动员起跳时身体重心高度较低 ,差别非常显著 ;起跳重心腾起速度上没有显著差别 ,处同一水平。中国运动员表现出助跑 -起跳速度快 ,起跳时间短的特点。起跳过程中 ,膝、髋关节缓冲幅度较大 ,而踝关节缓冲幅度较小 ,起跳结束时起跳腿各环节的伸展不够充分。起跳时踝关节的蹬伸速度远远小于世界水平运动员 ,但膝、髋关节伸展速度较快。另外 ,中国运动员过竿技术存在一定缺陷。

By using the method of biomechanical research, the author analyzes the takeoff technique of Chinese female jumper and world elite jumper in high jump. The result show that the height of body center of gravity of our jumper is lower than world elite jumper, there is significant difference,but there is no significant difference in takeoff speed. Chinese Female jumpers have a faster takeoff speed and a shorter takeoff time than world elite jumper. During the phase of takeoff, the range of buffer of hip and knee for our jumper is larger, but the ankle's buffer is smaller. In addition, our jumpers have some shortcoming in bar skill.