人工合成的十个优良小麦种质系的细胞学和性状特点的研究

CYTOLOGICAL AND MAIN TRAIT INHERITANCE OF THE TEN MAN-MADE SUPERIOR WHEAT GERM PLASM LINES

本试验对从八倍体小偃麦与普遍小麦的杂种后代中选出的10个优良小麦种质系,进行了细胞学和田间试验鉴定。结果表明,在这10个小麦种质系中,其中有2个品系为单体异附加系,1个品系为双单体异附加系,2个品系为双体异附加系。有5个品系染色体数目与普通小麦相同,但具有偃麦草的某些特点,细胞学上具有异常行为,它们可能为新的次生六倍体小麦。这些小麦种质系中,有的综合性状较好,具有较好的丰产性能,有希望在生产上直接加以利用;有的虽然综合表现欠佳,但具有突出特点,可作为种质材料在育种上利用。

Cytological studies and field evaluations were carried out on the ten man-made superior wheat germ plasm lines selected from the progenies of the 8X Trititrigia and Triticum aestivum L. Among them, two are alien monosomic addition lines, one is double alien monosomic addition line, two are disomic alien addition lines, five are possible alien substitution or translocation lines, i.e. new secondary 6X wheat since they express some characteristics belonging to Elytrigia and have abnormal chromosome behavior at meiosis though their chromosome numbers are the same as the 6X common wheat which is one of their parents. Having better characters overall, some of these lines could be used directly in production. Others can be used as superior germ plasm lines in wheat breeding programs since they have some prominent characteristics though they are not good enough for direct utilization for farmers.