洪水的灾害与资源效应及其转化模式

Flood hazards and resources effects and their inter-transform mode

从河流流量变化特性入手,讨论了流量变化所导致的洪水的灾害与资源效应及其特性。根据流量变化的特点,提出了洪水灾害特性向资源特性转化的几种基本模式,通过"留"、"配"、"引"、"防"可以减小洪水灾害的风险,使洪水灾害转化为洪水资源。

Flood is a natural phenomenon, which has the characteristics of hazards and resources, in relation to the variability of river discharge and the degree of socialeconomy at one site. When Q>Qup, the flood, generally, exhibits its characteristics of flood hazards; when Qup>Q>Qlow, generally, neither flooding nor drought hazards occur, and the river could supply enough water resources; and when Q<Qlow, the river could not supply adequate water resources to be used in the drainage basin so that the drought hazards may occur. Under given conditions, flood hazards and resources effects could be transformed into each other. Through the measures of drainage basin reservation, the characteristics of inundate hazards of flood could be changed into water resources for sustainable use; by means of redistribution of water and sediment discharge by reservoir etc. within a year or during several years, the scour and filling hazards could be changed into dynamic resources; through drawing water into the river basin, the flood inundate hazards could be changed into ecoresources and fertilized resources or the draught hazards be transformed into water resources; and finally, through flood defense measures, the flood hazards could be largely reduced.