果树杂交去雄方法的研究

STUDIES ON THE EMASCULATION METHOD FOR FRUIT CROSS

设常规去雄授粉套袋、连被去雄授粉套袋与不套袋、连被去雄不授粉不套袋与套纱袋以及自然授粉不套袋等六个处理、旨在进一步探索这种新的连被去雄法在梨、山楂、桃、李的杏等果树杂交育种中的应用价值。结果表明:①重力或风媒传粉对梨和山楂和座果虽有一定影响,但机率很小,对于杂交一代群体遗传组成的改变是微不足道的。②连被去雄除山楂外,基本上失去了对昆虫的诱引力,无昆虫的光顾。③连被去雄对梨、山楂、桃和杏的座果、果实发育及单果种子粒数均无影响。④连被去雄速度比常规去雄平均提高10倍,并可省去糊袋、套袋、解袋、挂牌等工序。为此,建议对苹果、梨、桃、李和杏,如果单为培育新品种而进行的杂交,可试用连被去雄不套袋,对山楂可试用连被去雄套袋法;如果同时为研究遗传变异规律,可试用连被去雄套袋法。

The six treatments of general emasculation-pollination-bagging, emasculation with perianth-pollination-bagging and not bagging, emasculation with perianth-not pollination-not bagging and bagging gauze, and natural pollination were set up in order to study further the useful value of the ne.w method of emasculation with perianth in the fruit cross breeding of pear, hawthorn, peach,apricot, and others. The results showed that 1. grovity or wind pollination had a certain influence on the fruit set of pear and hawthorn, but the ratio was little; 2. emasculation with perianth, except hawthorn, lost basically the teptation to insects and there was no insect presence; 3. emasculation with perianth had no influence on the set, the fruit development and the seed number of single fruit of pear, hawthorn, peach and apricot; and 4. the speed ofemasculation with perianth was ten times as fast as that of general emasculation, and the steps of making bags, bagging, and removing bags could be eliminated. It is suggested that emasculation with perianth-not bagging should be tried out in the cross of apple, pear, peach, apricot and plum for breeding new varieties, and emasculation with perianth-bagging should be tried out for studying the law of inheritance.