鸡异食癖流行病学调查及其病因分析

Survey of epidemiology and its etiology in the Cannibalism

通过对甘肃省境内 9 个养鸡场(户)饲养的 2 万只鸡的品种、发生异食癖的类型、发病时间、鸡群来源、饲养方式、饲料种类及来源、发病史、免疫程序、预防保健及药品使用等调查分析,研究结果表明,该病的病因除营养缺乏、饲养管理粗放、饲养环境不良外,常与育成鸡体重差异悬殊、蛋体过大、产道狭窄、以及提供能量代谢超常,使脂肪囤积、体格过肥, 日粮中钙、磷不足,直接影响雏鸡骨骼发育不良等因素有关;该病可发生于雏鸡、育成鸡、产蛋鸡,常以啄肛、啄羽为主要特征。亦可发生啄趾、啄背、啄头、啄蛋。多呈散发性,无明显季节性。多发生于高产蛋群和产蛋高峰期;该病的发病率为 17.06 %,死亡率达 57.57 %。

The types of the pica, the time of disease occurred, source of chicken hevies, feeding method, the kind and source of foods. history of disease,immune process,preventing and health care, and also medicine used were investigated on 20,000 chicken from 9 chicken farms in Gausu province. The results showed that etiology for this disease related with the great disparity of growing bodyweight, excessive size of eggs, cabined lay path, fatty and bulky body because of energy excessive supply, or deficiency of calcium and phosphorus in diet which directly effected the chicken for skeleton growth, except nutrition deficiency, rough feeding and husbandry, and also the bad feeding environment. The disease had taken place in chicken, growing, layer, and usually characterized by pecking anus and feather, pecking action were also happened on toes, back, head and eggs .The disease had dispersedly appeared, and there were no obvious seasonal character, it usually infected the high productive layer and the pick period of egg-laying . The incidence was 17.16 %, and the mortality rate could achieve 51.57 %.