中国优秀运动员6项心理技能研究

RESEARCH ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SKILLS FOR SPORT OF CHINESE ELITE ATHLETES

本研究采用标准化《运动心理技能问卷》并结合其它测试数据,对151名中国优秀运动员作了研究,结果表明:1.中国优秀运动员已初步掌握了焦虑控制(AX)、集中注意力(CC)、提高自信心(CF)、提高动机水平(MV)和加强集体意识(TM)的心理技能,他们在自信心和集体意识方面表现非常突出,而在心理准备(MP)方面则表现欠缺;2.除运动动机方面外,中国优秀运动页未表现出心理技能的差异性;3.运动等级(技术水平)不同,运动员的心理技能有差别;4.根据中国优秀运动员心理技能可以把他们分成4种类型,它们是心理技能发展水平较低的心理准备型和自信心型;心理技能发展水平较高的自信心——集体意识型和自信心——集中注意力型。

In order to study the psychological skills in sports of Chinese elite athletes, 151 Chinese elite athletes(98 males, 53 females) were tested by using theChinese version of the Psychological Skills Inventory For Sport Format-5(PSIS-C). The results indicated that: 1. Chinese elite athletes have initiallyacquired the six psychological skills for sports (i. e.: anxiety control (AX),concentration (CC), confidence (CF), mental preparation (MP), motivation(MV), team emphasis (TM). They are superior in CC and TM, but inade-quate in MP; 2. There are no significant differences in all six psychologicalskills except in MV among events and between both genders.This means thatall athletes have mastered the six skills; 3. There are significant differencesof psychological skills between elite and non-elite athletes in AX for maleand in AX, CF and CC for female. Elite athletes are superior to non-eliteathletes in these skills; 4. In light of the development and the structure ofthe psychological skills of Chinese elite athletes,they can be divided into four groups: (1) poor-skilled MP group, (2) poor-skilled CF group, (3) highly-skilled CF-TM group, and (4) highly-skilled CF-CC group.