分心对记忆影响的年龄差异研究

AGE DIFFERENCES ON THE INFLUENCE OF DIVIDED ATTENTION ON MEMORY PERFORMANCE

本文研究了分心对老年人和青年人的记忆影响的年龄差异。分心条件是在判断简单算术题正误的同时,识记指向记忆和故事。结果:1.在上述分心条件下,老年组记忆作业受损比青年人更为严重;分心扩大了记忆的年龄差异。2.相对分心消耗值显然受刺激条件的影响,属片断记忆的故事分节分,分心消耗最大,类似语义记忆的故事意义分,分心消耗最小,介乎两者之间的指向记忆分,分心消耗居中。3.分心对上述记忆的影响有适应现象,两组的第二次分心测试成绩均较第一次进步。

The purpose of this study was to explore the age differences of young adults and the elderly on the effects of the divided attention of memory task.The divided attention performance was remembering directed memory andlogical story while making judgement of simple arithmatic items simultane-ously. The results indicated that: (1) under the above situations, the oldergroup's performances were more penalized than that of their younger coun-terparts, age differences of memory were amplified by the divided attentioncondition; (2) the relative divided attention costs (DA costs) were signific-antly affected by the stimulus conditions: the segmental score of story belong-ing to the episodic memory got the biggest DA cost, the meaningful scoreof story similar to the semantic memory got the least DA cost, and directedmemory, in the midst of them, got the middle DA cost; (3) the effects ofdivided attention on memory had adaptive phenomena, the effect during thesecond time was smaller than that of the first time