夏玉米高产规律的研究——Ⅱ.氮、磷、钾养分的积累与分配

STUDIES ON HIGH-YIELD REGULARITY OF SUMMER MAIZE——Ⅱ.ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM

本文研究了夏玉米在亩产975公斤的产量水平下,地上部植株不同部位中氮、磷、钾营养元素的积累量和积累速度变化,以及氮、磷、钾在各部位中的分配与转移情况.结果表明,成熟时N、P_2O_5和K_2O的积累量分别为18.2,4.9和17.1公斤/亩,三者的比例为3.7:1:3.48,生产百公斤籽粒所需N、P_2O_5、K_2O的量分别为1.87,0.50和1.75公斤.N、P_2O_5、K_2O的最高积累速度分别为405,109和597克/亩·天,成熟时籽粒中的氮、磷、钾分配比率分别为64.4%,76,4%和20.4%.

The contents,accumulation rates,distribution and translocation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the aboveground parts of plant of summer maize ( Zea mays L.) grown in sand-loam soil and having yield level of 975 kg/mu (14625 kg/ha) were studied. The results showed that N, P_2O_5 and K_2O in aboveground parts accumulated up to 18.2, 4.9 and 17.1 kg/mu at the stage of grain maturation, with the ratio 3.7:1:3.48, and their peak accumulation rates were 405, 109 and 597 kg/mu·d, respectively. Amounts of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O needed for production of 100 kg grain were 1.87, 0.50 and 1.75 kg, respectively, At maturity, the grain contained 64.4, 76.4 and 20.4% of total N, P_2O_5 and K_2O in the plant, respectively.The experiment indicated that, for obtaining high yield, the greater part of fertilizers should be applied in vegetative period,especially potassium must be concentratively applied ealier.