乌鸡的血清蛋白质多态性与其遗传关系的研究

STUDIES ON THE SERUM PROTEIN POLYMORPHISMS AND THE GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE BLACK BONE CHICKENS

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶和聚丙烯酰胺浓度梯度凝胶电泳法分析了我国三种乌鸡(泰和、略阳、雪峰)的血清蛋白质多态性,并以引进鸡种(来航、罗斯)作对照,以揭示三种乌鸡间的遗传关系。电泳结果表明,鸡血清蛋白质在前白蛋白(Pa)、白蛋白(Alb)、运铁蛋白(Tf)、脂酶(Es-1)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP,AKP-2)、诸位点显示多态。借助所测位点的基因频率,计算了群体平均基因杂合度和标准遗传距离。采用最短距离法对所研究鸡种进行了聚类分析。结果表明,我国三种乌鸡虽相对于外国鸡种具有较近的亲缘关系,但彼此之间呈现一定的遗传差异。结合体型外貌特征和地理隔离等因素综合考虑,它们似应看作独立的地方品种,不存在同种异名的问题。

Serum seampls of three kinds of black bone chickens in China (Taihe, Lueyang and Xuefeng) and two kinds of foreign breeds (White Leghorn and Ross Brown) were analysed using vertical polyacrylamide gel and polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophor-esis for their protein polymorphisms and genetic relationships. Polymorphic evidence was presented in the locus of prealbumin (Pa), albumin (Alb), transferrin (Tf), esterase (Es-l) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP, AKP-2). The gene frequiencies of each locus were tabulated and the average gene heterozygosity and the standard genetic distance were calculated. A dendrogram was drawn by adopting the nearest distance method of clustering in numerical taxonomy. The results showed a close relationship between White Leghorn and Rossbrown and a consideralbe genetic difference among three local black bone chickens. It is suggested that Taihe, Lueyang and Xuefen chickens belong to three different local breeds.